1. Mwachidule pa Kusintha Kwamagetsi
Kusintha magetsindi mkulu-pafupipafupi magetsi magetsi kutembenuka chipangizo, amadziwikanso kuti kusintha magetsi kapena kusintha converter. Imasintha mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ikhale chizindikiro champhamvu kwambiri kudzera mu chubu chosinthira liwiro kwambiri, kenako ndikusintha mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera kumtundu wina kupita kwina kudzera pakukonza kwathiransifoma, rectifier circuit ndi sefa dera, ndipo potsiriza amapeza khola otsika ripple DC voteji kwa magetsi.
Kusintha magetsi kumakhala ndi ubwino wochita bwino kwambiri, kukhazikika kwabwino, kukula kochepa, kulemera kochepa, kudalirika kwakukulu, ndipo kungasinthidwe ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi.
Kusintha magetsi kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo makina opanga mafakitale, mauthenga ndi mphamvu zatsopano. M'munda wa automation ya mafakitale, kusinthira magetsi kumapereka chithandizo chokhazikika chamagetsi pazida zosiyanasiyana zodzichitira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zidazo zikuyenda bwino komanso mokhazikika.
Pankhani yolumikizirana, kusinthira magetsi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamayendedwe opanda zingwe, zida zama network, ndi zina zambiri, kuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa njira yolumikizirana ndikuwongolera kulumikizana bwino. M'munda wa mphamvu zatsopano, kusinthana kwa magetsi kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamagetsi a dzuwa ndi mphepo, kuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu.
Kusintha kwamagetsi kumapangidwa ndi zigawo zinayi zazikuluzikulu: gawo lolowera, chosinthira, gawo lowongolera, ndi gawo lotulutsa. Zotsatirazi ndi chithunzi chosinthira mphamvu zamagetsi, kudziwa bwino ndikofunikira kuti timvetsetse magetsi osinthira.
2. Gulu la magetsi osinthira
Kusintha magetsi kumatha kugawidwa molingana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Zotsatirazi ndi njira zingapo zodziwika bwino zamagulu:
1. Gulu potengera mtundu wa mphamvu yolowera:
AC-DC yosinthira magetsi: imasintha mphamvu ya AC kukhala mphamvu ya DC.
DC-DC switching power supply: imatembenuza magetsi a DC kukhala magetsi ena a DC.
2. Gulu ndi njira yogwirira ntchito:
Mphamvu yosinthira yokhala ndi malire amodzi: ili ndi chubu imodzi yokha yosinthira, yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.
Mphamvu zosinthira pawiri: zili ndi machubu awiri osinthira, oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.
3. Kugawikana ndi topology:
Malingana ndi topology, zikhoza kugawidwa pafupifupi Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Flyback, Forward, Two-Transistor Forward, Push-Pull, Half Bridge, Full Bridge, ndi zina zotero. Kusintha magetsi kungathenso kugawidwa mwatsatanetsatane malinga ndi zofunikira zina ndi ntchito.
Kenako, tikuwonetsa Flyback ndi Forward omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Forward ndi flyback ndi njira ziwiri zosiyana zosinthira magetsi. Mphamvu yosinthira kutsogolo imatanthawuza mphamvu yosinthira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito thiransifoma yopita patsogolo kwambiri kuti ilekanitse mphamvu zophatikizika, ndipo mphamvu yosinthira yofananira ndi flyback switching power supply.
2.1 Kupititsa patsogolo magetsi
Patsogolo kusintha magetsi mu dongosolo ndi zovuta, koma linanena bungwe mphamvu kwambiri, oyenera 100W-300W kusintha magetsi, kawirikawiri ntchito otsika-voteji, mkulu-panopa kusintha magetsi, ambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito.
Monga momwe tawonetsera m'chithunzichi, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi makamaka pamene chubu chosinthira chikuyatsidwa, thiransifomayo imakhala ngati sing'anga yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi maginito mphamvu zimatembenuzidwa wina ndi mzake, kuti kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa nthawi yomweyo.
Palinso zofooka mu ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku: monga kufunika kuonjezera n'zosiyana kuthekera mapiringidzo (kupewa thiransifoma koyilo pulayimale kwaiye n'zotheka n'zosiyana kwa kusintha chubu kuwonongeka), yachiwiri inductor oposa mmodzi kwa zosefera mphamvu yosungirako, kotero poyerekeza ndi flyback kusintha magetsi, mtengo wake ndi wokwera, ndi kutsogolo kusintha magetsi thiransifoma voliyumu kuposa voliyumu ya flyback kusintha magetsi thiransifoma ndi yaikulu.
Kupititsa patsogolo magetsi
2.2 Flyback kusintha magetsi
Monga momwe tawonetsera m'chithunzichi, mphamvu yosinthira flyback imatanthawuza magetsi osinthira omwe amagwiritsa ntchito thiransifoma ya flyback high-frequency kuti alekanitse zolowetsa ndi zotuluka. Transformer yake sikuti imangogwira ntchito yosinthira voteji kuti itumize mphamvu, komanso imagwiranso ntchito ngati inductor yosungirako mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, flyback transformer ndi yofanana ndi kapangidwe ka inductor. Mabwalo onse ndi osavuta komanso osavuta kuwongolera. Flyback imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi otsika a 5W-100W.
Kwa magetsi osinthira flyback, chubu chosinthira chikayatsidwa, momwe chosinthira choyambirira cha chosinthira chimakwera. Popeza coil yotulutsa ya flyback dera ili ndi malekezero osiyana, diode yotulutsa imazimitsidwa, chosinthira chimasunga mphamvu, ndipo katunduyo amaperekedwa ndi mphamvu ndi capacitor yotulutsa. Chubu chosinthiracho chikazimitsidwa, voteji ya inductive ya choyambitsa chachikulu cha thiransifoma imasinthidwa. Panthawiyi, diode yotulutsa imatsegulidwa, ndipo mphamvu ya thiransifoma imaperekedwa ku katundu kudzera mu diode, pamene ikuyitanitsa capacitor.
Flyback kusintha magetsi
Kuchokera kufananiza, zikhoza kuwonedwa kuti thiransifoma yachisangalalo chakutsogolo imakhala ndi ntchito ya transformer, ndipo yonseyo imatha kuonedwa ngati dera la buck ndi transformer. Transformer ya Flyback imatha kuwonedwa ngati inductor yokhala ndi thiransifoma ntchito, ndi gawo lolimbikitsa buck-boost. Ambiri, kutsogolo flyback ntchito mfundo ndi osiyana, patsogolo ndi ntchito yaikulu yachiwiri ntchito, yachiwiri sagwira ntchito ndi inductor panopa kukonzanso panopa, makamaka CCM mode.
Mphamvu yamagetsi nthawi zambiri sikhala yokwera, ndipo zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa ndi kuzungulira kwa ntchito ndizofanana. Flyback ndi ntchito yoyamba, yachiwiri siigwira ntchito, mbali ziwirizo paokha, kawirikawiri DCM mode, koma inductance wa thiransifoma adzakhala ochepa, ndi kufunika kuwonjezera mpweya kusiyana, choncho kawirikawiri oyenera mphamvu yaing'ono ndi sing'anga.
Forward thiransifoma ndi yabwino, palibe kusungirako mphamvu, koma chifukwa matenthedwe inductance ndi mtengo malire, masangalalo panopa kumapangitsa pachimake kukhala lalikulu, pofuna kupewa flux machulukitsidwe, ndi thiransifoma amafunikira wothandiza mapiringidzo kwa Flux Bwezerani.
Flyback thiransifoma imatha kuwonedwa ngati mawonekedwe ophatikizika ophatikizika, inductance yoyamba kusungirako mphamvu ndiyeno kutulutsidwa, chifukwa cha kulowetsa kwa thiransifoma ndi kutulutsa ma voltages moyang'anizana ndi polarity, kotero kuti chubu chosinthira chikalumikizidwa, yachiwiri imatha kuperekamaginito pachimakeyokhala ndi voteji yobwezeretsanso, motero chosinthira cha flyback sichifunikira kuwonjezera mafunde owonjezera osinthira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-29-2024